Results for 'G. Martin Deborah'

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  1.  1
    Everyday Utopias: The Conceptual Life of Promising Spaces by Davina Cooper.G. Martin Deborah - 2016 - philoSOPHIA: A Journal of Continental Feminism 6 (1):146-150.
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  2.  4
    Aptness Predicts Metaphor Preference in the Lab and on the Internet.Carlos Roncero, Roberto G. De Almeida, Deborah C. Martin & Marco de Caro - 2016 - Metaphor and Symbol 31 (1):31-46.
    Experimental studies have suggested that variables such as aptness or conventionality are predictors of people’s preference for expressing a particular topic–vehicle pair as either a metaphor or a simile. In the present study, we investigated if such variables would also be predictive within a more naturalistic context, where other variables, such as the intention to include an explanation, may also influence people’s decision. Specifically, we investigated the production of metaphor and simile expressions on the Internet via the Google search engine (...)
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  3.  70
    Philosophy of Science: The Central Issues.Martin Curd & Jan A. Cover (eds.) - 1998 - Norton.
    Contents Preface General Introduction 1 | Science and Pseudoscience Introduction Karl Popper, Science: Conjectures and Refutations Thomas S. Kuhn, Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research? Imre Lakatos, Science and Pseudoscience Paul R. Thagard, Why Astrology Is a Pseudoscience Michael Ruse, Creation-Science Is Not Science Larry Laudan, Commentary: Science at the Bar---Causes for Concern Commentary 2 | Rationality, Objectivity, and Values in Science Introduction Thomas S. Kuhn, The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Revolutions Thomas S. Kuhn, Objectivity, Value Judgment, and (...)
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  4.  5
    Acceptable Evidence: Science and Values in Risk Management.Deborah G. Mayo & Rachelle D. Hollander (eds.) - 1991 - Oxford University Press USA.
    Discussions of science and values in risk management have largely focused on how values enter into arguments about risks, that is, issues of acceptable risk. Instead this volume concentrates on how values enter into collecting, interpreting, communicating, and evaluating the evidence of risks, that is, issues of the acceptability of evidence of risk. By focusing on acceptable evidence, this volume avoids two barriers to progress. One barrier assumes that evidence of risk is largely a matter of objective scientific data and (...)
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  5.  21
    (Why) Do You Like Scary Movies? A Review of the Empirical Research on Psychological Responses to Horror Films.G. Neil Martin - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
    Why do we watch and like horror films? Despite a century of horror film-making and en-tertainment, little research has examined the human motivation to watch fictional horror and how horror film influences individuals’ behavioural, cognitive and emotional re-sponses. This review provides the first synthesis of the empirical literature on the psy-chology of horror film using multi-disciplinary research from psychology, psychotherapy, communication studies, development studies, clinical psychology, and media studies. The paper considers the motivations for people’s decision to watch horror, why (...)
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  6.  3
    Explicit and Implicit Affect and Judgment in Schizotypy.Elizabeth A. Martin, Jessica P. Y. Hua, Kelsey T. Straub & John G. Kerns - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  7.  6
    El concepto de mentira política organizada en Hannah Arendt.Lucas G. Martín - 2019 - Foro Interno. Anuario de Teoría Política 19:5-27.
    El propósito de este artículo es analizar el concepto de mentira moderna u organizada en la obra de Hannah Arendt. Con agudeza, Arendt pone de relieve una experiencia particular del Mundo Moderno, aquella en la que una comunidad puede falsear deliberadamente realidades conocidas por todos y tener la mentira como principio político. Esta comprensión pone al concepto en un registro diferente del tradicional de los arcana dominationis. Nuestro argumento intenta clarificar analíticamente el concepto, señalar su pertinencia y vincularlo a una (...)
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  8.  3
    Referents for changing a science curriculum: A case study of one teacher's change in beliefs.Kenneth G. Tobin, Deborah J. Tippins & Karl Hook - 1994 - Science & Education 3 (3):245-264.
  9.  5
    Readers detect an low-level phonological violation between two parafoveal words.Michael G. Cutter, Andrea E. Martin & Patrick Sturt - 2020 - Cognition 204 (C):104395.
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  10. Ringle, editors.Wendy G. Lehnert & H. Martin - 1982 - In Wendy G. Lehnert & Martin Ringle (eds.), Strategies for Natural Language Processing. Lawrence Erlbaum.
     
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  11.  10
    Low test–retest reliability of a protocol for assessing somatosensory cortex excitability generated from sensory nerves of the lower back.Katja Ehrenbrusthoff, Cormac G. Ryan, Denis J. Martin, Volker Milnik, Hubert R. Dinse & Christian Grüneberg - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    In people with chronic low back pain, maladaptive structural and functional changes on a cortical level have been identified. On a functional level, somatosensory cortical excitability has been shown to be reduced in chronic pain conditions, resulting in cortical disinhibition. The occurrence of structural and/or functional maladaptive cortical changes in people with CLBP could play a role in maintaining the pain. There is currently no measurement protocol for cortical excitability that employs stimulation directly to the lower back. We developed a (...)
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  12.  1
    Relations Between Dimensions of Emotional Intelligence, Specific Aspects of Empathy, and Non-verbal Sensitivity.Enrique G. Fernández-Abascal & María Dolores Martín-Díaz - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10:436477.
    In this work, on the one hand, we examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and empathy and, on the other, the relationship between emotional intelligence and nonverbal sensitivity, through two independent studies. The first study analyzed the relationship between dimensions of emotional intelligence and aspects of empathy, in a sample of 856 participants who completed two measures of EI, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue), and a measure of empathy, The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (...)
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  13.  5
    Treating the Troops.Edmund G. Howe & Edward D. Martin - 1991 - Hastings Center Report 21 (2):21-24.
    As we go to press, the threat of biological or chemical warfare in the Persian Gulf is no longer imminent. Yet the questions raised by the proposed use of “investigational drugs,” without informed consent, to protect U.S. troops remain. The article by Edmund G. Howe and Edward D. Martin presents the arguments that informed the Pentagon's thinking on the subject. It and the commentaries, by George J. Annas and Michael A. Grodin, and Robert J. Levine, explore, among others, issues (...)
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  14.  11
    Effects of response-set similarity on unlearning and spontaneous recovery.Harvey G. Shulman & Edwin Martin - 1970 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 86 (2):230.
  15.  4
    Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge.Deborah G. Mayo - 1996 - University of Chicago.
    This text provides a critique of the subjective Bayesian view of statistical inference, and proposes the author's own error-statistical approach as an alternative framework for the epistemology of experiment. It seeks to address the needs of researchers who work with statistical analysis.
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  16.  20
    Descartes and the Ontology of Everyday Life.Deborah J. Brown & Calvin G. Normore - 2019 - Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Edited by Calvin G. Normore.
    The seventeenth century was a period of extraordinary invention, discovery and revolutions in scientific, social and political orders. It was a time of expansive automation, biological discovery, rapid advances in medical knowledge, of animal trials and a questioning of the boundaries between species, human and non-human, between social classes, and of the assumed naturalness of political inequality. This book gives a tour through those objects, ordinary and extraordinary, which captivated the philosophical imagination of the single most important French philosopher of (...)
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  17.  12
    Setting Things before the Mind: M.G.F. Martin.M. G. F. Martin - 1998 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 43:157-179.
    Listening to someone from some distance in a crowded room you may experience the following phenomenon: when looking at them speak, you may both hear and see where the source of the sounds is; but when your eyes are turned elsewhere, you may no longer be able to detect exactly where the voice must be coming from. With your eyes again fixed on the speaker, and the movement of her lips a clear sense of the source of the sound will (...)
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  18.  12
    Methodology in Practice: Statistical Misspecification Testing.Deborah G. Mayo & Aris Spanos - 2004 - Philosophy of Science 71 (5):1007-1025.
    The growing availability of computer power and statistical software has greatly increased the ease with which practitioners apply statistical methods, but this has not been accompanied by attention to checking the assumptions on which these methods are based. At the same time, disagreements about inferences based on statistical research frequently revolve around whether the assumptions are actually met in the studies available, e.g., in psychology, ecology, biology, risk assessment. Philosophical scrutiny can help disentangle 'practical' problems of model validation, and conversely, (...)
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  19.  3
    Engineering Ethics: Contemporary and Enduring Debates.Deborah G. Johnson - 2020 - New Haven [Connecticut]: Yale University Press.
    _An engaging, accessible survey of the ethical issues faced by engineers, designed for students_ The first engineering ethics textbook to use debates as the framework for presenting engineering ethics topics, this engaging, accessible survey explores the most difficult and controversial issues that engineers face in daily practice. Written by a leading scholar in the field of engineering and computer ethics, Deborah Johnson approaches engineering ethics with three premises: that engineering is both a technical and a social endeavor; that engineers (...)
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  20.  11
    Error and Inference: Recent Exchanges on Experimental Reasoning, Reliability, and the Objectivity and Rationality of Science.Deborah G. Mayo & Aris Spanos (eds.) - 2009 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Although both philosophers and scientists are interested in how to obtain reliable knowledge in the face of error, there is a gap between their perspectives that has been an obstacle to progress. By means of a series of exchanges between the editors and leaders from the philosophy of science, statistics and economics, this volume offers a cumulative introduction connecting problems of traditional philosophy of science to problems of inference in statistical and empirical modelling practice. Philosophers of science and scientific practitioners (...)
  21.  21
    Why robots should not be treated like animals.Deborah G. Johnson & Mario Verdicchio - 2018 - Ethics and Information Technology 20 (4):291-301.
    Responsible Robotics is about developing robots in ways that take their social implications into account, which includes conceptually framing robots and their role in the world accurately. We are now in the process of incorporating robots into our world and we are trying to figure out what to make of them and where to put them in our conceptual, physical, economic, legal, emotional and moral world. How humans think about robots, especially humanoid social robots, which elicit complex and sometimes disconcerting (...)
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  22.  9
    Introduction.Deborah G. Johnson, Norman E. Bowie & Thomas Donaldson - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 127 (4):695-697.
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  23.  13
    AI, agency and responsibility: the VW fraud case and beyond.Deborah G. Johnson & Mario Verdicchio - 2019 - AI and Society 34 (3):639-647.
    The concept of agency as applied to technological artifacts has become an object of heated debate in the context of AI research because some AI researchers ascribe to programs the type of agency traditionally associated with humans. Confusion about agency is at the root of misconceptions about the possibilities for future AI. We introduce the concept of a triadic agency that includes the causal agency of artifacts and the intentional agency of humans to better describe what happens in AI as (...)
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  24.  16
    The sociotechnical entanglement of AI and values.Deborah G. Johnson & Mario Verdicchio - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-10.
    Scholarship on embedding values in AI is growing. In what follows, we distinguish two concepts of AI and argue that neither is amenable to values being ‘embedded’. If we think of AI as computational artifacts, then values and AI cannot be added together because they are ontologically distinct. If we think of AI as sociotechnical systems, then components of values and AI are in the same ontologic category—they are both social. However, even here thinking about the relationship as one of (...)
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  25.  11
    Should Researchers Offer Results to Family Members of Cancer Biobank Participants? A Mixed-Methods Study of Proband and Family Preferences.Deborah R. Gordon, Carmen Radecki Breitkopf, Marguerite Robinson, Wesley O. Petersen, Jason S. Egginton, Kari G. Chaffee, Gloria M. Petersen, Susan M. Wolf & Barbara A. Koenig - 2019 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 10 (1):1-22.
    Background: Genomic analysis may reveal both primary and secondary findings with direct relevance to the health of probands’ biological relatives. Researchers question their obligations to return findings not only to participants but also to family members. Given the social value of privacy protection, should researchers offer a proband’s results to family members, including after the proband’s death? Methods: Preferences were elicited using interviews and a survey. Respondents included probands from two pancreatic cancer research resources, plus biological and nonbiological family members. (...)
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  26.  4
    Book Excerpt: Computer Ethics, by Deborah G. Johnson (Prentice Hall, 1994).Deborah G. Johnson - 1993 - Acm Sigcas Computers and Society 23 (3-4):10-14.
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  27.  8
    And the Words Become Flesh: Exploring a Biological Metaphor for the Body of Christ.Deborah J. G. Mackay - 2023 - Zygon 58 (4):886-904.
    Although every cell in a human body contains the same DNA, every cell uses its DNA differently, in unique interaction with its environment. Human bodies live and thrive because their cells and tissues are sustained in a whole whose life emerges from, but cannot be reduced to, its parts. Living creatures are organized systems of processes that maintain their identity not despite change but because of it. These biological observations resonate with the foundational New Testament metaphor of the Body of (...)
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  28.  4
    Arqueologia do officium: eichmann, o funcionário e a banalidade da catástrofe: intersecções de G. Agamben e H. Arendt.Castor Mari Martín Bartolomé Ruiz - 2018 - Philósophos - Revista de Filosofia 23 (1):197-242.
    Este ensaio desenvolve um estudo, a partir da obra de G. Agamben, sobre a arqueologia do ofício e as implicações ético-políticas do modo de subjetivação do funcionário. O funcionário age a partir do dever de oficio, separando, nessa ação, a responsabilidade pessoal da eficiência da ação. Ao agir como funcionário não atua em nome próprio, mas age em nome de outro, para o qual se transfere toda responsabilidade ética da ação funcional. Eichmann apresenta-se como o modelo de funcionário que cumpriu (...)
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  29.  8
    Algorithmic Accountability In the Making.Deborah G. Johnson - 2021 - Social Philosophy and Policy 38 (2):111-127.
    Algorithms are now routinely used in decision-making; they are potent components in decisions that affect the lives of individuals and the activities of public and private institutions. Although use of algorithms has many benefits, a number of problems have been identified with their use in certain domains, most notably in domains where safety and fairness are important. Awareness of these problems has generated public discourse calling for algorithmic accountability. However, the current discourse focuses largely on algorithms and their opacity. I (...)
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  30.  4
    Cartwright, Causality, and Coincidence.Deborah G. Mayo - 1986 - PSA Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1986 (1):42-58.
    In How the Laws of Physics Lie (1983)2 Cartwright argues for being a realist about theoretical entities but non-realist about theoretical laws. Her reason for this distinction is that only the former involves causal explanation, and accepting causal explanations commits us to the existence of the causal entity invoked. “What is special about explanation by theoretical entity is that it is causal explanation, and existence is an internal characteristic of causal claims. There is nothing similar for theoretical laws.” (p. 93). (...)
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  31.  5
    Technology with No Human Responsibility?Deborah G. Johnson - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 127 (4):707-715.
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  32.  9
    How to Discount Double-Counting When It Counts: Some Clarifications.Deborah G. Mayo - 2008 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 59 (4):857-879.
    The issues of double-counting, use-constructing, and selection effects have long been the subject of debate in the philosophical as well as statistical literature. I have argued that it is the severity, stringency, or probativeness of the test—or lack of it—that should determine if a double-use of data is admissible. Hitchcock and Sober ([2004]) question whether this ‘severity criterion' can perform its intended job. I argue that their criticisms stem from a flawed interpretation of the severity criterion. Taking their criticism as (...)
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  33.  53
    Severe testing as a basic concept in a neyman–pearson philosophy of induction.Deborah G. Mayo & Aris Spanos - 2006 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 57 (2):323-357.
    Despite the widespread use of key concepts of the Neyman–Pearson (N–P) statistical paradigm—type I and II errors, significance levels, power, confidence levels—they have been the subject of philosophical controversy and debate for over 60 years. Both current and long-standing problems of N–P tests stem from unclarity and confusion, even among N–P adherents, as to how a test's (pre-data) error probabilities are to be used for (post-data) inductive inference as opposed to inductive behavior. We argue that the relevance of error probabilities (...)
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  34.  6
    Attachment, Neurobiology, and Mentalizing along the Psychosis Continuum.Martin Debbané, George Salaminios, Patrick Luyten, Deborah Badoud, Marco Armando, Alessandra Solida Tozzi, Peter Fonagy & Benjamin K. Brent - 2016 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10.
  35.  7
    Computer ethics.Deborah G. Johnson - 1985 - Prentice-Hall.
  36. Toward a More Objective Understanding of the Evidence of Carcinogenic Risk.Deborah G. Mayo - 1988 - PSA Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1988 (2):489-503.
    The field of quantified risk assessment is a new field, only about 20 years old, and already it is considered to be in a crisis. As Funtowicz and J.R. Ravetz (1985) put it:The concept of risk in terms of probability has proved to be so elusive, and statistical inference so problematic, that many experts in the field have recently either lost hope of finding a scientific solution or lost faith in Risk Analysis as a tool for decisionmaking. (p.219)Thus the ‘art’ (...)
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  37.  47
    The six most essential questions in psychiatric diagnosis: a pluralogue. Part 4: general conclusion.Allen Frances, Michael A. Cerullo, John Chardavoyne, Hannah S. Decker, Michael B. First, Nassir Ghaemi, Gary Greenberg, Andrew C. Hinderliter, Warren A. Kinghorn, Steven G. LoBello, Elliott B. Martin, Aaron L. Mishara, Joel Paris, Joseph M. Pierre, Ronald W. Pies, Harold A. Pincus, Douglas Porter, Claire Pouncey, Michael A. Schwartz, Thomas Szasz, Jerome C. Wakefield, G. Scott Waterman, Owen Whooley, Peter Zachar & James Phillips - 2012 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 7:14-.
    In the conclusion to this multi-part article I first review the discussions carried out around the six essential questions in psychiatric diagnosis – the position taken by Allen Frances on each question, the commentaries on the respective question along with Frances’ responses to the commentaries, and my own view of the multiple discussions. In this review I emphasize that the core question is the first – what is the nature of psychiatric illness – and that in some manner all further (...)
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  38.  40
    Reframing AI Discourse.Deborah G. Johnson & Mario Verdicchio - 2017 - Minds and Machines 27 (4):575-590.
    A critically important ethical issue facing the AI research community is how AI research and AI products can be responsibly conceptualised and presented to the public. A good deal of fear and concern about uncontrollable AI is now being displayed in public discourse. Public understanding of AI is being shaped in a way that may ultimately impede AI research. The public discourse as well as discourse among AI researchers leads to at least two problems: a confusion about the notion of (...)
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  39.  5
    The Awakening of the Greek Historical Spirit.Martin Ostwald & Chester G. Starr - 1970 - American Journal of Philology 91 (3):357.
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  40.  9
    Un-making artificial moral agents.Deborah G. Johnson & Keith W. Miller - 2008 - Ethics and Information Technology 10 (2-3):123-133.
    Floridi and Sanders, seminal work, “On the morality of artificial agents” has catalyzed attention around the moral status of computer systems that perform tasks for humans, effectively acting as “artificial agents.” Floridi and Sanders argue that the class of entities considered moral agents can be expanded to include computers if we adopt the appropriate level of abstraction. In this paper we argue that the move to distinguish levels of abstraction is far from decisive on this issue. We also argue that (...)
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  41. Practice of medicine.J. D. Wilson, E. Braunwald, K. J. Isselbacher, R. G. Petersdorf, J. B. Martin, A. S. Facci & R. K. Root - 2003 - In Alan Charles Kors (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  42.  15
    Alexithymia impairs the cognitive control of negative material while facilitating the recall of neutral material in both younger and older adults.Déborah Dressaire, Charles B. Stone, Kristy A. Nielson, Estelle Guerdoux, Sophie Martin, Denis Brouillet & Olivier Luminet - 2015 - Cognition and Emotion 29 (3):442-459.
  43.  29
    Novel evidence and severe tests.Deborah G. Mayo - 1991 - Philosophy of Science 58 (4):523-552.
    While many philosophers of science have accorded special evidential significance to tests whose results are "novel facts", there continues to be disagreement over both the definition of novelty and why it should matter. The view of novelty favored by Giere, Lakatos, Worrall and many others is that of use-novelty: An accordance between evidence e and hypothesis h provides a genuine test of h only if e is not used in h's construction. I argue that what lies behind the intuition that (...)
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  44.  17
    Statistical significance and its critics: practicing damaging science, or damaging scientific practice?Deborah G. Mayo & David Hand - 2022 - Synthese 200 (3):1-33.
    While the common procedure of statistical significance testing and its accompanying concept of p-values have long been surrounded by controversy, renewed concern has been triggered by the replication crisis in science. Many blame statistical significance tests themselves, and some regard them as sufficiently damaging to scientific practice as to warrant being abandoned. We take a contrary position, arguing that the central criticisms arise from misunderstanding and misusing the statistical tools, and that in fact the purported remedies themselves risk damaging science. (...)
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  45.  7
    Increasing Public Participation in Controversies Involving Hazards: The Value of Metastatistical Rules.Deborah G. Mayo - 1985 - Science, Technology and Human Values 10 (4):55-65.
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  46.  8
    Significance Tests: Vitiated or Vindicated by the Replication Crisis in Psychology?Deborah G. Mayo - 2020 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 12 (1):101-120.
    The crisis of replication has led many to blame statistical significance tests for making it too easy to find impressive looking effects that do not replicate. However, the very fact it becomes difficult to replicate effects when features of the tests are tied down actually serves to vindicate statistical significance tests. While statistical significance tests, used correctly, serve to bound the probabilities of erroneous interpretations of data, this error control is nullified by data-dredging, multiple testing, and other biasing selection effects. (...)
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  47.  69
    Models of group selection.Deborah G. Mayo & Norman L. Gilinsky - 1987 - Philosophy of Science 54 (4):515-538.
    The key problem in the controversy over group selection is that of defining a criterion of group selection that identifies a distinct causal process that is irreducible to the causal process of individual selection. We aim to clarify this problem and to formulate an adequate model of irreducible group selection. We distinguish two types of group selection models, labeling them type I and type II models. Type I models are invoked to explain differences among groups in their respective rates of (...)
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  48.  28
    Experimental practice and an error statistical account of evidence.Deborah G. Mayo - 2000 - Philosophy of Science 67 (3):207.
    In seeking general accounts of evidence, confirmation, or inference, philosophers have looked to logical relationships between evidence and hypotheses. Such logics of evidential relationship, whether hypothetico-deductive, Bayesian, or instantiationist fail to capture or be relevant to scientific practice. They require information that scientists do not generally have (e.g., an exhaustive set of hypotheses), while lacking slots within which to include considerations to which scientists regularly appeal (e.g., error probabilities). Building on my co-symposiasts contributions, I suggest some directions in which a (...)
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  49.  12
    Computer Ethics.Deborah G. Johnson - 2003 - In R. G. Frey & Christopher Heath Wellman (eds.), A Companion to Applied Ethics. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 608–619.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Technology, Ethics, and the Instrumentation of Human Action The Genus‐Species Account Avoiding the Mistake of Unique Technology Avoiding the Mistake of the Applied Ethics Model Conclusion Acknowledgment.
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  50.  64
    Particular Thoughts & Singular Thought.M. G. F. Martin - 2002 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 51:173-214.
    A long-standing theme in discussion of perception and thought has been that our primary cognitive contact with individual objects and events in the world derives from our perceptual contact with them. When I look at a duck in front of me, I am not merely presented with the fact that there is at least one duck in the area, rather I seem to be presented withthisthing (as one might put it from my perspective) in front of me, which looks to (...)
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